# Glossary

This section contains short articles on topics that are *related to* the fallacies listed on this site, but are not themselves fallacies.

For this reason they also don’t appear in the [index of fallacies](/index) ([MD](/index.md)) but are only listed here:

- **[Equivocation](/glossary/equivocation/index)** ([MD](/glossary/equivocation/index.md)) – The use of a term (word, phrase, or logical connective) in two or more different meanings within the same argument or chain of reasoning.
  - **[Amphiboly](/glossary/equivocation/amphiboly)** ([MD](/glossary/equivocation/amphiboly.md)) – An ambiguity in a statement caused by its grammatical or syntactic structure rather than by the meaning of individual words.
  - **[Metonymy](/glossary/equivocation/metonymy)** ([MD](/glossary/equivocation/metonymy.md)) – One term is used as a substitute for another, based on an implied relationship between them.

- **[Extension](/glossary/extension)** ([MD](/glossary/extension.md)) – The totality of all objects that a term refers to.

- **[Intension](/glossary/intension)** ([MD](/glossary/intension.md)) – The set of associated meanings, connotations, and contextual information that come with *how* a term refers to its extension.

- **[Reification](/glossary/reification)** ([MD](/glossary/reification.md)) – turning something (abstraction, idea, human being, etc.) into a "thing".

- **[Tautology](glossary/tautology)** ([MD](glossary/tautology.md)) – A proposition that is necessarily true in all possible circumstances, independent of external facts. 

FIXME TODO:

* glossary/cargo_cult
* glossary/circlejerking
* glossary/echo_chamber
* glossary/goodharts_law
* glossary/groupthink
* glossary/halo_effect
* glossary/jargon